/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 NITK Surathkal
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * Authors: Shravya Ks <shravya.ks0@gmail.com>
 *          Smriti Murali <m.smriti.95@gmail.com>
 *          Mohit P. Tahiliani <tahiliani@nitk.edu.in>
 *
 */

#include "ns3/double.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/packet.h"
#include "ns3/pie-queue-disc.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/string.h"
#include "ns3/test.h"
#include "ns3/uinteger.h"

using namespace ns3;

/**
 * @ingroup traffic-control-test
 *
 * @brief Pie Queue Disc Test Item
 */
class PieQueueDiscTestItem : public QueueDiscItem
{
  public:
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param p the packet
     * @param addr the address
     * @param ecnCapable ECN capable flag
     */
    PieQueueDiscTestItem(Ptr<Packet> p, const Address& addr, bool ecnCapable);

    // Delete default constructor, copy constructor and assignment operator to avoid misuse
    PieQueueDiscTestItem() = delete;
    PieQueueDiscTestItem(const PieQueueDiscTestItem&) = delete;
    PieQueueDiscTestItem& operator=(const PieQueueDiscTestItem&) = delete;

    void AddHeader() override;
    bool Mark() override;

    // ** Variables for testing m_isCapDropAdjustment
    double m_maxDropProbDiff =
        0.0; //!< Maximum difference between two consecutive drop probability values
    double m_prevDropProb = 0.0; //!< Previous drop probability
    bool m_checkProb = false;    //!< Enable/Disable drop probability checks

    // ** Variable for testing ECN
    double m_maxDropProb = 0.0; //!< Maximum value of drop probability
    bool m_ecnCapable = false;  //!< Enable/Disable ECN capability

    // ** Variables for testing Derandomization
    bool m_checkAccuProb = false;    //!< Enable/Disable accumulated drop probability checks
    bool m_constAccuProb = false;    //!< Enable/Disable fixed accumulated drop probability
    bool m_checkMaxAccuProb = false; //!< Enable/Disable Maximum accumulated drop probability checks
    double m_accuProbError = 0.0;    //!< Error in accumulated drop probability
    double m_prevAccuProb = 0.0;     //!< Previous accumulated drop probability
    double m_setAccuProb = 0.0;      //!< Value to be set for accumulated drop probability
    uint32_t m_expectedDrops = 0;    //!< Number of expected unforced drops

  private:
    bool m_ecnCapablePacket; //!< ECN capable packet?
};

PieQueueDiscTestItem::PieQueueDiscTestItem(Ptr<Packet> p, const Address& addr, bool ecnCapable)
    : QueueDiscItem(p, addr, 0),
      m_ecnCapablePacket(ecnCapable)
{
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestItem::AddHeader()
{
}

bool
PieQueueDiscTestItem::Mark()
{
    return m_ecnCapablePacket;
}

/**
 * @ingroup traffic-control-test
 *
 * @brief Pie Queue Disc Test Case
 */
class PieQueueDiscTestCase : public TestCase
{
  public:
    PieQueueDiscTestCase();
    void DoRun() override;

  private:
    /**
     * Enqueue function
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param size the size
     * @param nPkt the number of packets
     * @param testAttributes attributes for testing
     */
    void Enqueue(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                 uint32_t size,
                 uint32_t nPkt,
                 Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes);
    /**
     * Enqueue with delay function
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param size the size
     * @param nPkt the number of packets
     * @param testAttributes attributes for testing
     */
    void EnqueueWithDelay(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                          uint32_t size,
                          uint32_t nPkt,
                          Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes);
    /**
     * Dequeue function
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param nPkt the number of packets
     */
    void Dequeue(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, uint32_t nPkt);
    /**
     * Dequeue with delay function
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param delay the delay
     * @param nPkt the number of packets
     */
    void DequeueWithDelay(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, double delay, uint32_t nPkt);
    /**
     * Run test function
     * @param mode the test mode
     */
    void RunPieTest(QueueSizeUnit mode);
    /**
     * @brief Check Drop Probability
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param testAttributes attributes for testing
     */
    void CheckDropProb(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes);
    /**
     * @brief Check Accumulated Drop Probability
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param testAttributes attributes for testing
     */
    void CheckAccuProb(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes);
    /**
     * @brief Check Maximum Accumulated Drop Probability
     * @param queue the queue disc
     * @param testAttributes attributes for testing
     */
    void CheckMaxAccuProb(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes);
};

PieQueueDiscTestCase::PieQueueDiscTestCase()
    : TestCase("Sanity check on the pie queue disc implementation")
{
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::RunPieTest(QueueSizeUnit mode)
{
    uint32_t pktSize = 0;

    // 1 for packets; pktSize for bytes
    uint32_t modeSize = 1;

    uint32_t qSize = 300;
    Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();

    // test 1: simple enqueue/dequeue with defaults, no drops
    Address dest;
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes =
        Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);

    if (mode == QueueSizeUnit::BYTES)
    {
        // pktSize should be same as MeanPktSize to avoid performance gap between byte and packet
        // mode
        pktSize = 1000;
        modeSize = pktSize;
        qSize = qSize * modeSize;
    }

    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");

    Ptr<Packet> p1;
    Ptr<Packet> p2;
    Ptr<Packet> p3;
    Ptr<Packet> p4;
    Ptr<Packet> p5;
    Ptr<Packet> p6;
    Ptr<Packet> p7;
    Ptr<Packet> p8;
    p1 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p2 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p3 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p4 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p5 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p6 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p7 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);
    p8 = Create<Packet>(pktSize);

    queue->Initialize();
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          0 * modeSize,
                          "There should be no packets in there");
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p1, dest, false));
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          1 * modeSize,
                          "There should be one packet in there");
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p2, dest, false));
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          2 * modeSize,
                          "There should be two packets in there");
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p3, dest, false));
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p4, dest, false));
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p5, dest, false));
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p6, dest, false));
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p7, dest, false));
    queue->Enqueue(Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(p8, dest, false));
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          8 * modeSize,
                          "There should be eight packets in there");

    Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item;

    item = queue->Dequeue();
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(item, nullptr, "I want to remove the first packet");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          7 * modeSize,
                          "There should be seven packets in there");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(item->GetPacket()->GetUid(), p1->GetUid(), "was this the first packet ?");

    item = queue->Dequeue();
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(item, nullptr, "I want to remove the second packet");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          6 * modeSize,
                          "There should be six packet in there");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(item->GetPacket()->GetUid(),
                          p2->GetUid(),
                          "Was this the second packet ?");

    item = queue->Dequeue();
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(item, nullptr, "I want to remove the third packet");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->GetCurrentSize().GetValue(),
                          5 * modeSize,
                          "There should be five packets in there");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(item->GetPacket()->GetUid(), p3->GetUid(), "Was this the third packet ?");

    item = queue->Dequeue();
    item = queue->Dequeue();
    item = queue->Dequeue();
    item = queue->Dequeue();
    item = queue->Dequeue();

    item = queue->Dequeue();
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(item, nullptr, "There are really no packets in there");

    // test 2: more data with defaults, unforced drops but no forced drops
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    pktSize = 1000; // pktSize != 0 because DequeueThreshold always works in bytes
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("Tupdate", TimeValue(Seconds(0.03))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute Tupdate");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("DequeueThreshold", UintegerValue(10000)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute DequeueThreshold");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("QueueDelayReference", TimeValue(Seconds(0.02))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute QueueDelayReference");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxBurstAllowance", TimeValue(Seconds(0.1))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxBurstAllowance");
    queue->Initialize();
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.012, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    QueueDisc::Stats st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test2 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test2, 0, "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 3: same as test 2, but with higher QueueDelayReference
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("Tupdate", TimeValue(Seconds(0.03))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute Tupdate");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("DequeueThreshold", UintegerValue(10000)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute DequeueThreshold");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("QueueDelayReference", TimeValue(Seconds(0.08))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute QueueDelayReference");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxBurstAllowance", TimeValue(Seconds(0.1))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxBurstAllowance");
    queue->Initialize();
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.012, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test3 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_LT(test3, test2, "Test 3 should have less unforced drops than test 2");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 4: same as test 2, but with reduced dequeue rate
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("Tupdate", TimeValue(Seconds(0.03))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute Tupdate");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("DequeueThreshold", UintegerValue(10000)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute DequeueThreshold");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("QueueDelayReference", TimeValue(Seconds(0.02))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute QueueDelayReference");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxBurstAllowance", TimeValue(Seconds(0.1))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxBurstAllowance");
    queue->Initialize();
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.015, 400); // delay between two successive dequeue events is increased
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test4 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_GT(test4, test2, "Test 4 should have more unforced drops than test 2");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 5: same dequeue rate as test 4, but with higher Tupdate
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("Tupdate", TimeValue(Seconds(0.09))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute Tupdate");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("DequeueThreshold", UintegerValue(10000)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute DequeueThreshold");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("QueueDelayReference", TimeValue(Seconds(0.02))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute QueueDelayReference");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxBurstAllowance", TimeValue(Seconds(0.1))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxBurstAllowance");
    queue->Initialize();
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.015, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test5 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_LT(test5, test4, "Test 5 should have less unforced drops than test 4");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 6: same as test 2, but with UseDequeueRateEstimator enabled
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseDequeueRateEstimator", BooleanValue(true)),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseTimestamp");
    queue->Initialize();
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test6 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test6, 0, "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 7: test with CapDropAdjustment disabled
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseCapDropAdjustment", BooleanValue(false)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseCapDropAdjustment");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_checkProb = true;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test7 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test7, 0, "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_GT(testAttributes->m_maxDropProbDiff,
                          0.02,
                          "Maximum increase in drop probability should be greater than 0.02");

    // test 8: test with CapDropAdjustment enabled
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseCapDropAdjustment", BooleanValue(true)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseCapDropAdjustment");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_checkProb = true;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test8 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test8, 0, "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_LT(
        testAttributes->m_maxDropProbDiff,
        0.0200000000000001,
        "Maximum increase in drop probability should be less than or equal to 0.02");

    // test 9: PIE queue disc is ECN enabled, but packets are not ECN capable
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseEcn", BooleanValue(true)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseEcn");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MarkEcnThreshold", DoubleValue(0.3)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MarkEcnThreshold");
    queue->Initialize();
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test9 = st.GetNMarkedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_MARK);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(test9, 0, "There should be zero unforced marks");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 10: Packets are ECN capable, but PIE queue disc is not ECN enabled
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseEcn", BooleanValue(false)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseEcn");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MarkEcnThreshold", DoubleValue(0.3)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MarkEcnThreshold");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_ecnCapable = true;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test10 = st.GetNMarkedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_MARK);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(test10, 0, "There should be zero unforced marks");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 11: Packets and PIE queue disc both are ECN capable
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseEcn", BooleanValue(true)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseEcn");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MarkEcnThreshold", DoubleValue(0.3)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MarkEcnThreshold");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_ecnCapable = true;
    testAttributes->m_checkProb = true;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test11 = st.GetNMarkedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_MARK);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test11, 0, "There should be some unforced marks");
    // There are unforced drops because the value of m_maxDropProb goes beyond 0.3 in this test.
    // PIE drops the packets even when they are ECN capable if drop probability is more than 30%.
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be some unforced drops");
    // Confirm that m_maxDropProb goes above 0.3 in this test
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_GT(testAttributes->m_maxDropProb,
                          0.3,
                          "Maximum Drop probability should be greater than 0.3");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 12: test with derandomization enabled
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseDerandomization", BooleanValue(true)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseDerandomization");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_checkAccuProb = true;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test12 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test12, 0, "There should be some unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(testAttributes->m_accuProbError,
                          0.0,
                          "There should not be any error in setting accuProb");

    // test 13: same as test 11 but with accumulated drop probability set below the low threshold
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseDerandomization", BooleanValue(true)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseDerandomization");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_constAccuProb = true;
    // Final value of accumulated drop probability to drop packet will be maximum 0.84 while
    // threshold to drop packet is 0.85
    testAttributes->m_setAccuProb = -0.16;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test13 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(test13, 0, "There should be zero unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 14: same as test 12 but with accumulated drop probability set above the high threshold
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize))),
        true,
        "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxSize");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxBurstAllowance", TimeValue(Seconds(0))),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute MaxBurstAllowance");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("UseDerandomization", BooleanValue(true)),
                          true,
                          "Verify that we can actually set the attribute UseDerandomization");
    queue->Initialize();
    testAttributes->m_constAccuProb = true;
    testAttributes->m_checkMaxAccuProb = true;
    // Final value of accumulated drop probability to drop packet will be minimum 8.6 while
    // threshold to drop packet is 8.5
    testAttributes->m_setAccuProb = 8.6;
    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 400, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.014, 400);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test14 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
        test14,
        testAttributes->m_expectedDrops,
        "The number of unforced drops should be equal to number of expected unforced drops");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::FORCED_DROP),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero forced drops");

    // test 15: tests Active/Inactive feature, ActiveThreshold set to a high value so PIE never
    // starts and there should not be any drops
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize)));
    queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("ActiveThreshold", TimeValue(Seconds(1)));
    queue->Initialize();

    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 100, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.02, 100);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test15 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(test15, 0, "There should not be any drops.");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNMarkedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_MARK),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero marks");

    // test 16: tests Active/Inactive feature, ActiveThreshold set to a low value so PIE starts
    // early and some packets should be dropped.
    queue = CreateObject<PieQueueDisc>();
    // PieQueueDiscItem pointer for attributes
    testAttributes = Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(pktSize), dest, false);
    queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize(mode, qSize)));
    queue->SetAttributeFailSafe("ActiveThreshold", TimeValue(Seconds(0.001)));
    queue->Initialize();

    EnqueueWithDelay(queue, pktSize, 100, testAttributes);
    DequeueWithDelay(queue, 0.02, 100);
    Simulator::Stop(Seconds(8));
    Simulator::Run();
    st = queue->GetStats();
    uint32_t test16 = st.GetNDroppedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_DROP);
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(test16, 0, "There should be some drops.");
    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(st.GetNMarkedPackets(PieQueueDisc::UNFORCED_MARK),
                          0,
                          "There should be zero marks");
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::Enqueue(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                              uint32_t size,
                              uint32_t nPkt,
                              Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes)
{
    Address dest;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nPkt; i++)
    {
        if (testAttributes->m_constAccuProb)
        {
            queue->m_accuProb = testAttributes->m_setAccuProb;
            if (testAttributes->m_checkMaxAccuProb)
            {
                CheckMaxAccuProb(queue, testAttributes);
            }
        }
        queue->Enqueue(
            Create<PieQueueDiscTestItem>(Create<Packet>(size), dest, testAttributes->m_ecnCapable));
        if (testAttributes->m_checkProb)
        {
            CheckDropProb(queue, testAttributes);
        }
        if (testAttributes->m_checkAccuProb)
        {
            CheckAccuProb(queue, testAttributes);
        }
    }
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::CheckDropProb(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                                    Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes)
{
    double dropProb = queue->m_dropProb;
    if (testAttributes->m_maxDropProb < dropProb)
    {
        testAttributes->m_maxDropProb = dropProb;
    }
    if (testAttributes->m_prevDropProb > 0.1)
    {
        double currentDiff = dropProb - testAttributes->m_prevDropProb;
        if (testAttributes->m_maxDropProbDiff < currentDiff)
        {
            testAttributes->m_maxDropProbDiff = currentDiff;
        }
    }
    testAttributes->m_prevDropProb = dropProb;
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::CheckAccuProb(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                                    Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes)
{
    double dropProb = queue->m_dropProb;
    double accuProb = queue->m_accuProb;
    if (accuProb != 0)
    {
        double expectedAccuProb = testAttributes->m_prevAccuProb + dropProb;
        testAttributes->m_accuProbError = accuProb - expectedAccuProb;
    }
    testAttributes->m_prevAccuProb = accuProb;
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::CheckMaxAccuProb(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                                       Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes)
{
    queue->m_dropProb = 0.001;
    QueueSize queueSize = queue->GetCurrentSize();
    if ((queueSize.GetUnit() == QueueSizeUnit::PACKETS && queueSize.GetValue() > 2) ||
        (queueSize.GetUnit() == QueueSizeUnit::BYTES && queueSize.GetValue() > 2000))
    {
        testAttributes->m_expectedDrops = testAttributes->m_expectedDrops + 1;
    }
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::EnqueueWithDelay(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue,
                                       uint32_t size,
                                       uint32_t nPkt,
                                       Ptr<PieQueueDiscTestItem> testAttributes)
{
    Address dest;
    double delay = 0.01; // enqueue packets with delay
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nPkt; i++)
    {
        Simulator::Schedule(Seconds((i + 1) * delay),
                            &PieQueueDiscTestCase::Enqueue,
                            this,
                            queue,
                            size,
                            1,
                            testAttributes);
    }
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::Dequeue(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, uint32_t nPkt)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nPkt; i++)
    {
        Ptr<QueueDiscItem> item = queue->Dequeue();
    }
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::DequeueWithDelay(Ptr<PieQueueDisc> queue, double delay, uint32_t nPkt)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nPkt; i++)
    {
        Simulator::Schedule(Seconds((i + 1) * delay),
                            &PieQueueDiscTestCase::Dequeue,
                            this,
                            queue,
                            1);
    }
}

void
PieQueueDiscTestCase::DoRun()
{
    RunPieTest(QueueSizeUnit::PACKETS);
    RunPieTest(QueueSizeUnit::BYTES);
    Simulator::Destroy();
}

/**
 * @ingroup traffic-control-test
 *
 * @brief Pie Queue Disc Test Suite
 */
static class PieQueueDiscTestSuite : public TestSuite
{
  public:
    PieQueueDiscTestSuite()
        : TestSuite("pie-queue-disc", Type::UNIT)
    {
        AddTestCase(new PieQueueDiscTestCase(), TestCase::Duration::QUICK);
    }
} g_pieQueueTestSuite; ///< the test suite
